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Summary: New research shows that a Western-style diet rich in processed foods disrupts the gut microbiome's ability to recover after antibiotic treatment. In mice, this diet prevented the regrowth of a healthy, diverse microbiome, leaving them more vulnerable to infections like Salmonella. In contrast, a fiber-rich, plant-based diet allowed for rapid microbiome restoration and resilience. The findings highlight diet's critical role in gut health and suggest dietary changes could become a powerful tool to rebuild microbiota after medical treatments.