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Our new policy brief examines the findings of the 2023 European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Veterinary Medicine (ESUAvet) report, the first to operate under the new mandatory EU framework for data collection. While the ESUAvet system represents a major step forward in surveillance, the report also highlights critical implementation gaps that risk slowing progress toward the EU's 2030 targets for reducing antimicrobial use in farming. Practical policy recommendations to improve implementation and align veterinary antimicrobial use with the EU's Farm to Fork Strategy and One Health Action Plan against AMR. Why this matters Antimicrobial use in farming remains one of the key drivers of AMR - a threat that impacts not only animal health and welfare but also human health and environmental sustainability.