Abstract
This review highlights the direct entry of antibiotics in soil through animal excrements and indirect entry through manure and wastewater application in agricultural lands. Antibiotics that are important in human and animal healthcare found in concentrations exceeding the ecotoxic trigger value of 100 μg/kg may pose risks of AMR. The burden of AMR compromises the effectiveness of last-resort antibiotics which is particularly experienced in low- and middle-income countries in Asia. There is urgent need for multisectoral and multidisciplinary approaches to mitigate the impacts of antibiotics use in animal production through increased AMR awareness and proper antibiotics use, harmonized surveillance and research, establishment of infection prevention mechanisms, and innovations in animal farming practices.
Key Data
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Publication Date29 September 2025
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Primary AuthorEnrico Miguel Astrologo
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SourceNational Institutes of Health
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LanguageEnglish
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