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Salmonella surveillance in humans in Israel relies on reporting of cases to the national reference laboratory of the Ministry of Health. A similar trend was found in Salmonella isolates from poultry: from 3.8 percent (63 of 1,672) of the animal and poultry sources in 2017 to 23.6 percent (202 of 857) in 2021, and from 4.9 percent (12 of 245) of the food industry and ready-to-eat products (mostly from poultry slaughterhouses) in 2017, to 20 percent (43 of 215) in 2021. Salmonella Muenchen analysis Scientists used a collection of Salmonella Muenchen isolates from broiler flocks in Israel to determine the genetic relatedness among isolates from broilers, humans, and other poultry sources and the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Researchers said mandatory vaccination of breeder flocks against Salmonella Muenchen from March 2024 may result in a limited reduction of the pathogen, because Salmonella persists in the farm soil or barn litter.