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Importance of Bacteria for Long-Term Missions Since the 1970s, humans have managed to spend short durations in space, but the prospect of a Mars colony presents entirely new challenges. Understanding the Challenges of Space Travel The recent study has broadened our understanding of the effects of long-term spaceflight on microorganisms that inhabit humans and contribute to their health. By proving that B. subtilis can endure the rigors of space travel, this study offers hope for the development of strategies to protect astronaut health on missions to Mars and beyond. The findings of the RMIT University study have the potential to influence various aspects of space exploration, from the design of life support systems to the development of countermeasures against space-induced health issues.