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But the current pipeline for new antibiotics is on the verge of collapse" within the next four to eight years—and a key reason is that antibiotic makers can't stay in business, says Kevin Outterson, JD, co-director of Boston University's health law program and executive director of CARB-X, a leading global nonprofit partnership focused on supporting the development of new antibacterial products. 82% of the researchers who were focused on innovative antibiotics in 2018, had left the field by 2023, according to a survey conducted by CARB-X.The total number of authors on all AMR publications has declined from a high of 3,599 in 1995 to 1,827 in 2020, according to a report published this year by AMR Industry Alliance. The Netflix Model for Antibiotics Wealthy nations are starting to get behind mechanisms that absorb some of the risk of developing new antibiotics through "push" incentives that fund early stage antibiotic research and development, and "pull" incentives designed to keep the makers of novel antibiotics afloat regardless of how much of their drug is actually used. New antibiotics are needed to address bugs that are already entirely resistant to the arsenal of available antibiotics, "but as we develop new antibiotics, we need to find a way to protect them"—and that takes interventions across health systems to address the reality of how antibiotics are being used."