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One way to close the gap between warning and response is through anticipatory governance, acting early and staying ahead of the threat. These mechanisms harness the sense-making and sense-breaking strategies enabled by foresight, challenging entrenched assumptions and siloed practices while fostering transparency, legitimacy and a mandate to act across sectors. In the UK, the NHS antimicrobial subscription model explores new ways to align incentives for drug development, incorporating input from clinicians, regulators and patient groups to guide prioritization and use. Drawing from examples such as the US Armed Forces Antimicrobial Monitoring and Research Programme, African military medical services are also exploring partnerships with national authorities and local communities to extend surveillance into hard-to-reach areas, they use World Health Organization recommendations on structured civilian-military collaboration for health emergencies.