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English surveillance programme for antimicrobial utilisation and resistance (ESPAUR)

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when pathogens evade the action of the drugs that have been developed to counter them. AMR poses a significant global threat to human health and to the longevity of modern medicine. An estimated 4.71 million deaths were associated with bacterial AMR occurring globally in 2021 with this predicted to increase to 8.22 million by 2050 (1). As well as long-term consequences to population health, AMR also has immediate consequences at an individual level as, by increasing risk of treatment failure, AMR is associated with re-consultation, emergency department attendance, hospital admission, extended length-of-stay and increased morbidity and mortality. Several factors accelerate the development of AMR, including the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. The World Health Organization published its Global Action Plan in 2015 which aims to tackle AMR through improved awareness and understanding, strengthened surveillance and research, improved infection prevention and control measures, optimised use of antimicrobials and sustained investment in treatment and diagnostics (2).
Key Data

  • Publication Date
    15 November 2025
  • Primary Author
    assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
  • Source
    assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
  • Language
    English
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