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AbstractBackground This review examined methodologies used to cost the impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)infections in humans from household and health system perspectives. Although extensive research has beenconducted on the clinical AMR burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in terms of prevalence and otherdrivers of antimicrobial resistance, there is increased misuse and overuse of antibiotics which increases the risk of AMRinfections compared to high-income countries. Lack of comprehensive estimates on economic costs of AMR in LMICsdue to lack of standard methodologies that incorporate time biases and inference for instance, may negatively affectaccuracy and robustness of results needed for reliable and actionable policies.Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies searched in PubMed and other electronic databases. Onlystudies from LMICs were included. Data were extracted via a modified Covidence template and a Joanna BriggsInstitute (JBI) assessment tool for economic evaluations to assess the quality of the papers.Results Using PRISMA, 2542 papers were screened at the title and abstract levels, of which 148 were retrieved forfull-text review. Of these, 62 articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles had a quality assessment score averaging85%, ranging from 63 to 100%. Most studies, 13, were from China (21%), followed by 8 from South Africa (13%).Tuberculosis (TB), general bacterial, and nosocomial infection costs are the most studied, accounting for 40%, 39%,and 6%, respectively with TB common in South Africa than the rest of the countries. The majority of the papersused a microcosting approach (71%), followed by gross costing (27%), while the remainder used both. Most studiesanalyzed costs descriptively (61%), followed by studies using regression-based techniques (17%) and propensity scorematching (5%), among others.